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FULL VIDEO Pengajaran Sains KSSM Tingkatan 4 [Bab 3 - Teknik Ukur Kesihatan Badan]

FULL VIDEO Pengajaran Sains KSSM Tingkatan 4 [Bab 3 - Teknik Ukur Kesihatan Badan]. Dalam tajuk ini murid akan mempelajari tentang 4 teknik mengukur kesihatan badan, seperti suhu badan, denyutan nadi, tekanan darah dan juga indeks jisim badan atau lebih dikenali sebagai BMI. Murid akan pelajari penggunaan alat mengukur yang sesuai serta perkara yang berkaitan.


3.1 SUHU BADAN

Suhu badan adalah darjah kepanasan atau kesejukan seseorang individu. Alat yang digunakan adalah termometer. Di pasaran kita ada banyak jenis termometer yang boleh digunakan untuk menyukat suhu badan, antaranya adalah termometer klinik, termometer makmal, termometer rektal dan juga termometer inframerah. 



Setiap satunya mempunyai perbezaan dan kegunaan tertentu. Jarang termometer makmal digunakan untuk sukat suhu kerana tidak mempunyai kecerutan, yang menghalang merkuri turun dengan lebih cepat. Termometer rektal pula digunakan untuk bayi dan termometer inframerah merupakan termometer pilihan ramai seperti yang kita lihat banyak di pasaran sekarang.

Selain itu, banyak faktor yang boleh menyebabkan kenapa badan kita lebih panas daripada suhu normal, iaitu 36.9 C. Antaranya adalah disebabkan oleh jangkitan oleh bakteria atau virus, terdedah kepada keadaaan panas melampau iaitu strok haba dan juga senaman berat. 


3.2 DENYUTAN NADI

Denyutan nadi dapat dikesan dengan baik dan jelas pada beberapa bahagian tempat di badan. Ini kita sebut sebagai titik nadi, di mana pada kawasan ini arteri (salur darah paling besar) terletak dengan dengan permukaan kulit. Contohnya pada leher, pergelangan tangan dan bahagian tepi dahi. 


Dalam subtopik ini juga, ada aktiviti menarik untuk dijalankan. Murid boleh sesuaikan dengan apa yang boleh dilaksanakan di rumah, iaitu mengambil denyutan nadi berdasarkan 3 faktor, iaitu jantina, umur dan jenis aktiviti fizikal. Boleh tengok video di bawah untuk memahami bagaimana aktiviti boleh dilaksanakan. 


3.3 TEKANAN DARAH

Tekanan darah adalah tekanan yang dikenakan oleh darah pada dinding salur darah semasa darah beredar. Ia boleh diukur dengan menggunakan alat yang diberi nama sfigmomanometer dalam unit milimeter Merkuri, iaitu mmHg.


Terdapat dua bacaan pada tekanan darah, dengan merujuk kepada tekanan sistolik dan tekanan diastolik.

TEKANAN SISTOLIK - tekanan pada dinding salur darah bila otot jantung mengecut

TEKANAN DIASTOLIK - tekanan pada dinding salur darah bila otot jantung berehat

Bacaan tekanan darah ini boleh berbeza mengikut umur, jantina dan aktiviti fizikal yang dijalankan. Murid boleh rujuk jadual klasifikasi tekanan darah bagi dewasa. Sebagai contoh bacaan normal bagi seseorang dewasa adalah 120-129 bagi sistolik dan 80-84 bagi diastolik. 

Tekanan darah tinggi juga tak menunjukkan tanda yang jelas. Tetapi pemeriksaan berkala boleh membantu mengurangkan risiko kepada masalah yang lebih serius seperti serangan strok. 


3.4 INDEKS JISIM BADAN (BMI)

Indeks jisim badan pula atau lebih dikenali sebagai BMI merupakan ukuran jisim badan berbanding ketinggian. Dengan menggunakan formula, BMI = jisim badan (kg) / ketinggian2 (m) boleh memberikan nilai yang menentukan berat badan ideal kita. Sebagai contoh BMI kurang daripada 18.5 menunjukkan orang tersebut adalah kurus, manakala BMI melebihi 30 menunjukkan orang tersebut adalah obes. 


Justeru itu, Pinggan Sihat Malaysia memperkenalkan cadangan pemakanan yang sehat untuk kita mengawal berat badan. Ataupun mungkin untuk meningkatkan jisim badan. Sebagai contoh, cara menambah jisim badan adalah seperti makan mengikut waktu yang ditetapkan. Manakala untuk menurunkan jisim badan adalah seperti makan makanan seimbang dan melakukan senaman secara sederhana. 


Semoga koleksi video ini membantu murid sains Tingkatan 4 belajar bab 3 - Teknik Mengukur Kesihatan Badan dengan baik. Tahu pasal suhu badan, denyutan nadi, tekanan darah dan juga indeks jisim badan, BMI. Ok dah pandai?



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